Method of lining converters.



No. 832,895. PATEIITED OUT. 9, 1906. H. L. CHARLES. METHOD OE LINING CONVERTERS,

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21, 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

PATENTED 0019, 1906.

H. L. CHARLES. METHOD OF LINING CONVERTERS.

APPLICATION rmm NOV. 21, 1905. 4

' 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2,

WITNESSES! @T' 'vA IN VE NTOR By ljz l fzomay, W R

4WLOM,

UNITED STATES PATENT FFIOE.

- HENRY L. CHARLES, or BUTTE, MONTANA. ASSIGNOR- or ONE-HALF To r. AUG. HEINZE, or BUTTE, MONTANA. vi

Specification of Letters Yatent.

"Patented Oct. 9, 1 906.

u a 518.1 November 21,1905. serial No. 228,426.

To all whom it may concern! Be it known that l HENRY LEWIS CHARLES, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Butte, Silverbow county, State of Montana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Lining Converters, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in the method of lining converters or furnaces for converting or refining copper or other fusible ores, and is intended, primarily, to provide an improved method of drying and hardening the basic or silicious lining of such converter or furnace where the lining material, consisting, usually, of silica or silicious ores mixed with clay and water, is tamped around the outer shell of the converter or furnace and then requires to be thoroughly dried out before the converter or furnace can be used.

My invention will be best understood by reference to the-two sheets of drawings forming part of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of a converter of ordinary form, showing by dotted lines the position of the inner cores when inserted in the converter for the purposes of tampin'g the lining. Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the body or lower half of the converter, showing the inner core in position and the lining tam ed in. Fig. 3 is a similar cross-section of t 1e removable cap of the converter; and Fig. 4 is a cross-section of, the converter on the lines 4 4 of Fig. 1, showing the same after the removal of the cores and the formation of an inner shell on the lining in the manner hereinafter indicated.

Only such parts of an ordinary converter are shown as will illustrate the invention.

The method now commonly used for lining converters of the type to which my invention a plies is as follows, reference being made to t e accompanying drawings: The bowl or outer shell of the converter 1,which is usually made of heavy boiler-plate, is first lined with a four-inch layer of fire-brick 2 and an inner core 3 inserted. Lining material 4, consisting of silica or silicious ores, with just enough plastic clay or suitable binder mixed with Water in a pan or Ohilian mill, is then tamped around the inner core by pneumatic rammers place.

through the twyers 5 to get the wood burning freely. Then about two hundredand fiftyv pounds of coke is put in and more blast turned on to get as high heat inside the lining as possible. This amount of coke is required to be putin three or four times in twenty four hours to accomplish sufficient drying of the lining, so that the converter may be used. Under this method, however, it is :mpossible to completely dry a wet lining iii the twentyfour hours usually consumed fot this process unless at least two tons of coke are used in each converter, and it is doubtful if it would be thoroughly dried even then. As a consequence this process not only requires a large amount of time and expense of fuel, but also produces a very imperfectlyedried lining. Any remaining moisture in the lining'is dried after corrosion has taken place, while the converter' is' in operation. It is no uncommon thing to see steam oozing out of the twyers and joints when the lining is making its last run. In other words, when the lining has been corroded within a few inches of the brick moisture is still visible. Not only this, but very uneven drying is he result. It is quite evident when the blast is blown in through the twyers 5 at the bottom the heat will be nearly all driven up to the cap or top of the converter and away from'the twyers and the extreme bottom, where it is most essential that good drying be' done, and quite frequently owing to poor drying large pieces of lining at the twyers are blown out as soon as fast corrosion takes place. This 18 caused by steam-pressure between the lining and shell of the converter and by not having proper vent-holes in the shell for the steam to escape.

I have discovered that a complete drying of the lining and total expulsion of the moleture can be accomplished far less time than is now required for the artial and incomplete drying secured by t e method outlined above now in use by the use of heat from .molten materials. iving not only 1111"" eeving down liii .151 and less converts r 1 or drying, out e tote! sevirig 111 cost a" and power, highest "possible etiiciency mg, foster room's by even eorrosionje quired, as eeohone can be lined and dried put back in use in eight hours.

My method of procedure is as follows: After the tmnping of the lining rrhteriel 2 in the manner hereinhefore indicated the removal 01" the cores 3. from the body end the cap, which are 'LSJTKCCl separately, the esp 6 is fastened in its piece upon the body or" the converter, :is shown in Fig. 4. The tW'yGZS 5 are t we closed or plugged with smell balls or lingers of clay 7 to keep the molten meteriel from filling thenp, and the process of drying the lining then b89111 Molten slag, low-grade copper, or iron mettes from 0011 verters, reverberetory foresees, or any other furneoe'een be used. i fhere matte is used it will retain its .oest me oh longer by having it low in copper end high in iron. Converter-sleg is preferred, as it lies a higher temereture than all other known siege. Blastrurnece matte comes next, it also hes a high temperature when low in copper and high in iron; but any other slsgs or mettes can be used, bu require closer attention, as they are not so hot. The converter is first filled with this molten els or matte up to the lines a a, Fig. A :fe fpieces of Wood or cool are then put on top the slag or matte and at light tire kindl te keep it from chillring. In about on: shell of slog or matte 8, Will he formed ell. srousd inside of the linihg up to the lines a 0;. first else or matte-2s penetrates the t e remehr mg 171013111136 d 4 in three hours o tor two thickness of the lining ised- .12 member of vent-holes are f klOllillifl in the Jody of converter to elle the steam driven out to escape. As 9. esoit of .iis method oftlrying the linin in it very brief period of time cordpared with the present process, a complete l uniform hsrdening of the lining is secured, redeeing the cost to the m mum sud ellowifig of eveo. corrosion which cannot be had Without complete expulsion of moisture from the lining. in addition, the shell formed on the inside easier ml-ted than the cold hard silica linizw e the eonverter run foster and 2' iszclrer than is )-.)ssible in tl e old w 'esulting from first corrosion 'Wlh run hi ler in iron than under bllC old process.

within the converter or While the basic or siheious lin ng 1s still H1 e damp and unherdened condition.

.2. The Within-described method of drying and herdening the basic or silicious l of converters or refining-furnaces prior to eir use in oxidation by using the heat derived-hem the introduction of molten materiel Within the converter or refining-furnace while the basic or silieious lining is still in e. damp and unherdened condition to form a shell over the innersurieee of the lining.

3. The Within-described method of drying and hardening the basic or silieious lining of converters or refining-furnaces by introducing molten sis-g or mette within the converter or refiningfurnece While the basic or silicious lining is still in a. damp and unherdened condition.

The Within-deseribed method of drying 'eind hardening the basic or silieious lining of converters or refiningiurneces by intro 'ueirig molten slag or matte Within the converter or refining-furnace While the basic or sil-ioious lining is still in a damp end unherdened' condition to form at sle or matte shell over the inner surlece of the inihg materiel.

The Within-described method of ihihg converters or refiningiurneces consisting of first temping the lining material around an inner core, then removite the core, and While lining materiel is s' ll damp higherdened introducing molten materiel Within the converter or reiihir. lemme sutfieent quantities to completely dry and herderr the lining" materiel.

The within-described method of lining" converters or refihihg lurneecs eonsisti g o first teriiping the lining materiel" around an inner core, then removing the core, end while the lining materiel is still damp and unher-' dosed ihtrodueieg molten slag or mette 'Wl"ll.lll the eon erter or refining-furnace in suflioierit quantities to completely dry end harden the lining materiel.

7 The Within-described method of lining converters or refining-furneees, consisting of first teinfping the lining meteriel'eround an inner core then removi'o the sore and forming a slog or matte shell over the inner sue face of the lining by the introduction of molten slag or matte.

8. The within-deserihed method of lining converters 1 refining-foresees, consisting of first, temping the linmgmeteriel around en inner core, then removing the sore end pertielly d Vlllg the lining by forming a shell over the inner surface of the lining by the intro" two subscribing witnesses, this 6th day of duction of molten material, then removing November, 1905. the molten material and-completing the dry ing of the lining by the introduction of one CHARLES 5 01" more additional ladies of molten material. Witnesses:

In testimony whereof I have signed my T. J. WALKER; name to this specification, in the presence of J, V. FLAHERTY. 

